bathroom

Jul 30, 2008 at 03:38 o\clock

Taizhou Chenda Electric Appliacnes Co.,ltd

by: bathroom77   Keywords: shower, room, Simple, steam, Massage, Bathtub, classical, Panel


Taizhou Chenda Electric Appliacnes Co.,ltd is founded in 1999, is a private enterprise,dedicated itself to designing,producing and trading bath & shower series including complete shower room,simple shower room,steam room,massage Bathtub,classical Bathtub,shower panel and other bath & shower related products.The Company has adopted ISO9001:2000 quality management system certificate & CE industries approvals. Currently,the luxurious shower room products sell well at West Europe,North Europe,North America,South Africa and Asia West Europe, North Europe,North America,South Africa and Asia.

Jul 30, 2008 at 03:38 o\clock

How is a bathtub made?

by: bathroom77   Keywords: shower, room, Simple, steam, Massage, Bathtub, classical, Panel

The bathroom is not usually the place one thinks of to illustrate the principles of mechanization. Yet the transformation of bathing facilities aptly illustrates Western society's obsession with efficiency and mechanization. Baths in ancient Greece and especially in the Roman Empire were much more elaborate and technoiogicaily sophisticated—and iess private—than the simple "outhouses" of 20th-entury rura! America. The obvious attention given to the design, construction, and maintenance of bashing facilities indicates just how integral the activities of the bath have been to cultural identity for centuries.In 19th-century America, bathing was not commonplace. In the 1880s, probably five out of six city dwellers had no proper bathing facilities, just the use of a pail and sponge. During the last half of the century, numerous efforts were made to encourage communal bathing facilities. Reformers also advocated the use of showers in private homes as wel! as public facilities with only modest success. Essentially, Americans did not consider bathing at! that necessary for general health nor did they associate if with the more complete mental and physical therapy sessions (hot-air or steam baths, massage, gymnastics) common in other cultures. For upper-class Americans, a trip to a spa might occur once a year, but certainly not once a weak.The bathtub was considered a luxury well into the 20th century. The reai increase in the appearance of bathtubs did not come until the 1920s, with the extension of central water systems. Following the form of hotei buildings developed in the 1380$, houses, tenements, and apartments were increasingly built with separate rooms devoted to the bath. The production of sanitary enameled bath fixtures (toilets, sinks, and tubs) doubted between 1921 and 1923. The relatively standardized, mass-produced tub meant for privatB, familial use soon came to dominance.Bathtub BackgroundThough humans have bathed since prehistoric times, baths served a primarily religious, social, or pleasurable function far more often than a hygienic one. The Greeks had bathrooms, complete with water supply and drainage, as early as 1700 B.C. The Romans developed bathing as a central social habit in the third century B.C., constructing elaborate public buildings of enormous size with several rooms for disrobing, exercise, and bathing.After the fall of the Roman Empire, bathing declined in popularity in Europe, though it did survive as a part of monastic routine, and in Muslim countries. The Muslim public bathhouse included a dressing room, cold bath, and warm bath clustered around a domed, central steam chamber. Public baths regained popularity in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries.After the fall of the Roman Empire, bathing declined in popularity in Europe, though it did survive as a part of monastic routine, and in Muslim countries. The Muslim public bathhouse included a dressing room, cold bath, and warm bath clustered around a domed, central steam chamber. Public baths regained popularity in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries.In the 18th century, it became fashionable to spend a season at a watering place (such as Bath in England) but only 19th-century research into hygiene made a virtue of bathing. Bathing took place in primitive and usually portable cold baths at schools and institutions. Though permanent tubs were installed in bedrooms during the mid-19th century, plumbing was nonexistent and tubs had to be emptied by hand. Only after World War I did plumbing and bathtub production allow the bath with running water to become a permanent installation in the home.Bathtubs are now part of the plumbing fixtures and fittings industry, which totaled around $5.7 billion in the U.S. in 1994. This market is shared about equally between fixtures and fittings. Over three million bathtubs, including whirlpool baths and hot tubs, are shipped per year. Plumbing fixtures are classified into three industries according to the materials from which they are made: vitreous, metal, and plastic. In recent years changing consumer tastes have displaced other materials in favor of plastics for bathtubs, whirlpool baths, and lavatory sinks. Sixty-two percent of bathtubs, 92% of whirlpool baths, and 28% of lavatories are made out of plastic. Besides plastic, the standard material for bathtubs is enameled cast iron or steel. Bathtubs must be manufactured according to standards established by the American National Standards Institute.The Manufacturing Process: Enameled BathtubsRaw MaterialsThe metal base for bathtubs is made of gray cast iron (containing carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur), titanium steel, zero carbon steel, or partially decarburized steel. These compositions have been specially designed for enameling. The enamel is made from a frit or glass that consists of a variety of raw materials, both manufactured chemicals and natural minerals. These include clay, feldspar, barium carbonate, boric acid, limestone, fluorspar, sand, and other oxides.Preparing the metalThe metal is either cast into molds (gray cast iron) or drawn into sheet and formed (steel). Before enameling it must then be cleaned. Cleaning of castings is carried out by blasting the surface with chilled iron grit, sometimes after preliminary annealing (heating at 1350-1500°F [730-820°C]). The grit, or "shot," is projected through nozzles using compressed air, or flung against the surface by centrifugal force using a special machine. A combination of both methods may be used. This blasting removes any dirt or sand particles from the mold from the metal surface.Sheet metal must undergo a more complex cleaning process. First the surface is cleaned by shot-blasting after annealing to release stresses and to remove any grease deposits. Degreasing is done with chemical cleaners, first with an organic solvent, followed by a hot alkaline solution. The organic solvent removes most of the grease and oil from the metal surface. The alkaline solution removes the remaining film of oil and leaves a surface ready for acid pickling.Acid pickling uses hydrochloric or sulfuric acid or a combination of these acids. This process de-scales the surface, which helps to form a strong bond between the iron and ground-coat enamel. Pickling is followed by rinsing in running water. The next step is sometimes a nickel dip, which uses a solution of nickel sulfate and boric acid to coat the metal with a layer of nickel. This layer also helps to form a good bond with the enamel. The nickel dip is followed by a thorough rinsing of the ware and another dip in a neutralizer solution. This solution consists of soda ash and borax in water and removes any traces of acid, as well as prevents rust. After neutralizing, the metal is dried as quickly as possible to prevent rusting.Preparing the enamelAfter the raw materials are carefully weighed and mixed together in precise amounts, the enamel frit is prepared by melting the batch in furnaces of rotary or continuous type, fueled by oil or gas. When melting is completed, the molten enamel is run out of the furnace in a thin stream into a tank of cold water, which produces small fragments. For continuous furnaces, the molten frit is run between water-cooled rolls, which chills the frit. The frit is then dried and stored in bags. Before the enamel is applied, it must be ground into a powder using a ball mill, with blocks of enamel as the grinding media. If applied wet, the enamel is milled with additions of clay and water to make a slip or slurry.The enameling processDry enamel is dusted on the metal surface, which has been previously heated to a temperature above the melting point of the enamel. The powder melts on contact with the hot article, forming a continuous coating. Firing in a furnace produces a smooth, porcelain-like surface. Wet enamel is applied by a dipping process using a large open tank. After dipping, the coated part is allowed to drain, producing a thin uniform coating. The dipping tank uses a recalculating system to recycle the enamel. The wet enamel may also be applied using automatic spraying equipment.After enameling, the coated parts are dried using cabinet or conveyor dryers heated by gas burners, steam or waste-heat from the enameling furnaces, or infrared lamps. Firing takes place in furnaces heated by metallic heating elements. Two coatings of enamel are normally applied, a ground coat followed by a cover coat. The cover coat takes longer to fire.Raw MaterialsPlastic bathtubs are made out of a number of different polymer materials, including ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), acrylic resins, or glass-fiber reinforced polyester. The glass-polyester type dominates the tub-shower market. Special additives may be incorporated into the polymer material to improve fire-resistance. To give a cultured-marble appearance, marble chips or dust can also be added.The starting materials for most plastics are petrochemicals—chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas. These chemicals are mixed with other special chemicals (stabilizers, fillers, dyes or pigments, and plasticizers) in steel tanks and then heated to cause a chemical reaction that converts the mixture into the desired polymer composition. The resulting polymer material is cooled and dried to form a powder, beads, or pellets, depending on the specific process and material.Plastics fall into two groups: thermoplastic and thermosetting. Thermoplastics soften or melt on heating and include vinyl and styrene polymers. Thermosetting plastics, although moldable when produced as simple polymers, are converted by heat and pressure, sometimes using a hardener, to a cross-linked infusible form. Plastics that fall into this category include epoxy resins and polyesters.Forming ProcessesA number of processes are used to form plastics into shapes, including calendaring (squeezing between rollers to form films), casting, compression molding, and injection molding (melting and forcing into a cooled mold).In injection molding, a reciprocating screw machine is generally used, which melts the plastic, pressurizes the melt to inject it into a closed mold, closes the mold so the plastic can solidify, and opens the mold to allow removal of the part. Injection occurs as the screw is hydraulically forced forward in the barrel. During the cooling and solidification period, the screw begins to rotate and melt new material for the next part.Compression molding is used to make both plastic and fiber reinforced bathtubs. For reinforced bathtubs, a mixture of fibers, polyester resin, and pigments, fillers, and other additives are mixed together and formed into a sheet. In this process, a specified amount of resin filler paste is placed onto a plastic carrier film using a special machine. The carrier film is passed under a chopper, which cuts glass roving into short lengths. After the glass falls to the resin bed, another carrier film with another layer of paste is added on top, sandwiching the glass between the two layers. This sandwich structure is passed through a series of compaction rollers to thoroughly mix the fibers and resin.After the material—called a sheet molding compound—thickens, the carrier film is removed and the sheet material is cut into charges, which are placed in matched metal die molds made of machined steel. High pressure is applied, which heats the material so that it flows to all areas of the mold. Heat from the mold activates the catalyst, which achieves curing. Once cured, the part is then removed from the mold.Two processes called hand lay-up and spray lay-up are used to make fiberglass bathtubs. Hand lay-up is a method in which successive plies of reinforcing material or resin-impregnated reinforcement are positioned in a mold by hand. Cure occurs at room temperature with no applied pressure. Special tools are used to work out air bubbles and ensure complete wetting of the fiber, if the polymer is added separately. The spray lay-up process is faster than hand lay-up and involves feeding a stream of chopped fibers into a spray of liquid plastic in a mold cavity. The direction of the fibers is random and the process is usually automated. After lay-up is completed, the plastic must solidify or cure in a reasonable time at room temperature, which occurs via chemical reactions.The Future Since new housing construction is the principal source of demand for plumbing products, the timing and magnitude of the revival of construction activity and the overall economy are pivotal factors in determining the direction of bathtub shipments. Over the past decade, the proportion of new single-family houses with 2.5 or more baths has doubled to about 44%. This has obviously increased the demand for bathtubs, which should continue as long as the economy in general and construction activity improve.Bathtub design is also undergoing an evolution. With the passage of the American Disabilities Acts, bathtubs that accommodate the handicapped are being patented, and this trend should continue. Taking advantage of the molding capabilities of plastic, manufacturers are also designing one-unit bathtub and shower. Safety is another important design factor, and prefabricated slip-resistant surface coatings have been developed.Other design improvements will continue in the area of leak prevention. Such designs include providing a moisture barrier unit between the bathtub and the subfloor, or designing the bathtub so that the wall and base are an integral part of the bathtub. The latter approach relocates all lines of contact between the bathtub and surrounding adjacent surfaces so that they are covered and protected from water penetration.(shower room)

Jul 30, 2008 at 03:37 o\clock

Welcome to Yuhuan Sanyou Metallurgical Machinery Factory

by: bathroom77   Keywords: shower, room, Simple, steam, Massage, Bathtub, classical, Panel

Located in the north gate of Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province, Yuhuan Sanyou Metallurgical Machinery Factory enjoys a very convenient transportation network with the main traffic highway from Wenling to Yuhuan. Our factory is specialized in producing copper valves, plumbing pieces and other copper products. Founded in May, 1993, now we have the staff number reaching 155, including 15 technicians. Our factory covers an area of 6,000 square meters, with 15 sets large scale facilities, 10 sets high accuracy numerical control lathes, and 65 sets minitype facilities. Our main products include Euramerican standard pieces, pure copper stop valves, ball valves, flap valves, plumbing pieces and various copper products, all of which are widely used by industrial and common facilities. Some of our products are exported to England, the USA, and Italy.More...

Jul 30, 2008 at 03:37 o\clock

China Brass Ball Valve manufacturer

by: bathroom77   Keywords: shower, room, Simple, steam, Massage, Bathtub, classical, Panel

China Brass Ball Valves manufacturer - Our factory professionally produce products made of copper, and our products including: PVC PPR tube connects, red copper pipe tube connect, stainless steel pipe tube connect welded pipe connect, ball valve stop valve water bibcock and etc. The angle valves include: angle globe valves, brass angle valves. The production craft is excellent, the technique power is strong, the species is abundant, the quality is dependable.Features: Advanced structural design, Complies with national standards, Economizes energy, Suitable for petroleum, chemicals, food, medicine, textile, paper, making, water supply and drainage, metallurgy and energy systems, as uni-lateral valves.Inner packing: Carton, Outer packing, Wooden cases, made in Yuhuan China.material: brass/zinc plated/pvc ball valvehandle: steel/zinc plated/brass/stainless steel/ aluminumsize: 1/2"-4"100% quality manufacturing, we guarantee that our products meet your supplied specifications, extremely competitive pricing, delivery to your port or front door, all productions are quality certified, complete testing services available. We guarantee that our products meet your supplied specifications partial container order. If you want to order our products, need ball valves samples and know the price, please E-mail us or telephone us. We will reply in 24 hours.

Jul 30, 2008 at 03:36 o\clock

Acidic Water Filtration Systems Prevent Copper Pipe Corrosion on Acid Well Water

by: bathroom77   Keywords: shower, room, Simple, steam, Massage, Bathtub, classical, Panel

In thousands of homes on well water, acidic water causes thinning of copper pipes, pinhole leaks, and numerous copper pipe leaks over time. Acidic water filtration systems can easily correct and neutralize a low pH in well water.
The pH scale is a scale from 1 to 14. A neutral pH is 7. A ph of less than 7 is considered acidic. A pH greater than 7 is considered alkaline and is less corrosive to copper pipes than waters with a pH of less than 7.
Signs of acid water are corrosion of fixtures, blue staining (from copper pipes) or rust staining (from iron pipes). Acidic water can also cause pinhole leaks and pipe failure over time. By raising the pH to the range of 7.0 to 7.5 the water can be made alkaline which will then reduce or eliminate pipe corrosion.
Common causes for acidic water are acid rainfall due to atmospheric carbon dioxide and other airborne pollutants, runoff from mining spoils, and decomposition of plant materials. Acidic waters can be of good quality and are typically low in buffering calcium minerals, but are high in dissolved carbon-dioxide gas, which can cause the low pH or acidity.
Calcite Neutralizer Filters
An acidic water filtration system is also known as a calcite neutralizer filter. One of the most convenient methods to raise pH, and add a little hardness and alkalinity is to use a calcite neutralizer filter. These filters will typically raise the pH of the water to 7.0 to 8.0 and add 30 to 100 ppm of hardness depending on the alkalinity and water hardness. The water will taste better and in most applications no water softener will be required after the calcite neutralizer filter.
In neutralizer filters, the acidic water slowly dissolves the calcium and magnesium media on contact as the water flows through the filter, raising the pH of the water and increasing the alkalinity. This eliminates the effects of corrosive water chemistries and can help to prevent corrosion of piping and fixtures.
The size of the system is directly proportional to the flow rate of the water, in gallons or liters per minute. The higher the flow rate, and the more gallons per minute flows through the pipes, the larger the system required. Generally for most homes with 1 bathroom, a 1 cubic foot size system containing 100 lbs of calcite will work well. For homes with 1 to 2 bathrooms, a 1.5 cubic foot filter is recommended. For higher flow demands and in homes with 3 to 4 bathrooms and larger families, a 2.5 cubic foot neutralizer containing 250 lbs of calcite is recommended.
Neutralizer filter tanks contain a small amount of filter gravel in the bottom of the tank and are filled to two-thirds full with a blend of calcium and magnesium carbonates made from naturally occurring minerals. These minerals dissolve into the water, making it less corrosive. More mineral can quickly and easily be added to the filter tank, typically once per year for most residential applications. No special tools are required.
The neutralizer filter should be installed after the pressure tank but before any copper piping in the house. If the pressure tank, check valve and pressure switch are installed with copper piping the copper piping should be replaced with PVC vavle or stainless steel pipes valve up to the inlet of neutralizer filter. It is OK to have copper pipes installed on the outlet of neutralizer filter since the water is neutralized at this point and the pipe will be protected.
This type of neutralizer also acts as a filter removing sediment and small amounts of rust from the water, and then backwashing it out once every week or so. The most common type of acid neutralizer filter has an automatic backwash control valve. The frequency and length of the backwash cycle can be easily adjusted on the control valve. Most backwashing acid neutralizer filters are set to backwash once a week for eight to ten minutes. This backwashing cleans the calcite filter media and allows the mineral media to more easily dissolve into the water over time.brass ball valve brass fitting