BURNS
INTRODUCTION:
Damage to the skin or other body parts caused by extreme heat, flame, contact with heated objects, or chemicals. Burn depth is generally categorized as first, second, or third degree. The treatment of burns depends on the depth, area, and location of the burn, as well as additional factors, such as material that may be burned onto or into the skin. Treatment options range from simply applying a cold pack to emergency treatment to skin grafts.
Burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat, friction, electricity, radiation, or chemicals. Scalds are a type of burn caused by a hot liquid or steam.
DEFINITION:
There are three levels of burns:
* First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling.
* Second-degree (partial thickness) burns affect both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering.
* Third-degree (full thickness) burns extend into deeper tissues. They cause white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb.
SYMPTOMS OF BURNS:
* Blisters
* Pain (the degree of pain is not related to the severity of the burn -- the most serious burns can be painless)
* Peeling skin
* Red skin
* Shock (watch for pale and clammy skin, weakness, bluish lips and fingernails, and a drop in alertness)
* Swelling
* White or charred skin
SYMPTOMS OF AN AIRWAY BURN:
* Charred mouth; burned lips
* Burns on the head, face, or neck
* Wheezing
* Change in voice
* Difficulty breathing; coughing
* Singed nose hairs or eyebrows
* Dark, carbon-stained mucus
COMMON CAUSES FOR BURN:
The first step in helping to prevent your child from being burned is to understand the common causes of burns in children:
* Scalds, the number-one culprit (from steam, hot bath water, tipped-over coffee cups, cooking fluids, etc.)
* Contact with flames or hot objects (from the stove, fireplace, curling iron, etc.)
* Chemical burns (from swallowing things, like drain cleaner or watch batteries, or spilling chemicals, such as bleach, onto the skin)
* Electrical burns (from biting on electrical cords or sticking fingers or objects in electrical outlets, etc.)
* Overexposure to the sun
PREVENTIVE MEASURE FOR BURNS:
IN GENERAL:
* Keep matches, lighters, chemicals, and lit candles out of your child's reach.
* Put child-safety covers on all electrical outlets.
* Get rid of equipment and appliances with old or frayed cords and extension cords that look damaged.
* If you need to use a humidifier or vaporizer, use a cool-mist model rather than a hot-steam one.
* Choose sleepwear that's labeled flame retardant (either polyester or treated cotton). Cotton sweatshirts or pants that aren't labeled as sleepwear generally aren't flame retardant.
* Make sure older children are especially careful when using irons or curling irons.
* Prevent house fires by making sure you have a smoke alarm on every level of your home and in each bedroom. Check these monthly and change the batteries twice a year.
* Don't smoke inside, especially when you are tired, taking medications that can make you drowsy, or in bed.
* Don't use fireworks or sparklers.
BATHROOM:
* Set the thermostat on your hot water heater to 120° Fahrenheit (49° Celsius) or lower, or use the "low-medium setting." A child can be scalded in 2 to 3 seconds if the temperature is only 5 degrees higher than 120° Fahrenheit (49° Celsius). If you're unable to control the water temperature (if you live in an apartment, for example), install an anti-scald device, which is relatively inexpensive and can be installed you or by a plumber.
* Always test bath water with your elbow before putting your child in it.
* Always turn the cold water on first and turn it off last when running water in the bathtub or sink.
* Turn children away from the faucet or fixtures so they are less likely to play with them and turn on the hot water.
KITCHEN/DINING ROOM:
* Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove every time you cook.
* Block access to the stove as much as possible.
* Never let a child use a walker in the kitchen (the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly discourages the use of walkers overall).
* Avoid using tablecloths or large placemats. A small child can pull on them and overturn a hot drink or plate of food.
* Keep hot drinks and foods out of reach of children.
* Never drink hot beverages or soup with a child sitting on your lap or carry hot liquids or dishes around your child. If you have to walk with hot liquid in the kitchen (like a pot of soup or cup of coffee), make sure you know where your child is, so you don't trip over him or her.
* Never hold a baby or small child while cooking.
* Never warm baby bottles in the microwave oven. The liquid may heat unevenly, resulting in pockets of breast milk or formula that can scald your baby's mouth.
* Screen fireplaces and wood-burning stoves. Radiators and electric baseboard heaters may need to be screened as well.
OUTSIDE/IN THE CAR:
* Use playground equipment with caution. If it's very hot outside, use the equipment only in the morning, when it's had a chance to cool down during the night.
* Remove your child's safety seat or stroller from the hot sun when not in use because children can get burns from hot vinyl and metal. If you must leave your car seat or stroller in the sun, cover it with a blanket or towel.
* Before leaving your parked car on a hot day, hide the seatbelts' metal latch plates in the seats to prevent the sun from hitting them directly.
TREATEMENT FOR BURNS:
* (Including sunburn, brush burns, scrapes and chemical burns) Keep cool water with a little vinegar added in it on the area until the burning stops. The pain may last from four to six hours but continue using the compresses or soaking until you are relieved. If the burn doesn't blister, Aloe Vera gel, fluoride toothpaste or any soothing medicated cream should help. After 24 to 48 hours, if blistering has occurred, cut the blisters off and wash with povidone-iodine solution (Betadine). Coat during the day with either Betadine Cream or Neosporin, Honey, or Aloe Vera Gel, and at night apply the cream and cover area with a moist burn pad such as Second Skin which should be covered with a gauze pad. These water-impregnated bandages enhance burn healing.
* Brush burns and scrapes can be treated in the same fashion but initially, use cool water compresses without any vinegar, since vinegar will sting and cause burning to an open wound. (Cool water compresses cause stinging on a brush burn anyway, because a fresh scrape is very sensitive.) Use 3% Hydrogen Peroxide to disinfect and clean the area before applying the compresses. Continue to use the peroxide every hour or so to clean and disinfect and compress with the cool water afterwards until the burning stops. You can then treat it as a burn with the other recommendation. The area should be washed twice daily and any white, scabby material should be removed each time. Using the Perosice as an antiseptic before applying the burn cream is very beneficial. The burn should be raw after every washing. Rubbing the area rather than patting dry, although somewhat painful, will achieve this. (Sivadene Creme is still a prescription, at time of printing, but is very effective for pain and to promote healing.)
HOME REMEDIES FOR BURN:
ICE CUBE:
A tongue burn is best treated with ice rather than cool water. Often, in great anticipation, children (and adults, for that matter) sip their soup or hot chocolate before it cools down and get a tongue burn. Since it's tricky to stick a burned tongue under the faucet, try sucking on an ice cube. First rinse the cube under water so it doesn't stick to the tongue or lips.
WITCH HAZEL:
If you have a small burn, take witch hazel and put it on the area where the burn is. Keep the witch hazel there the burn will not hurt, but once move the witch hazel gonna feel that pain again. It helps for temperature relief.
ALOE VERA:
Aloe Vera plant, take one of the leave type things open it up to where the gel type stuff is out and rub it on the area where the burn or cut is.
EGG WHITES:
The egg whites are also a miracle cure for burns, even severe ones. Soak or coat affected area in egg white. While the egg white is still wet you will feel no pain from the burn. As soon as it dries up the pain comes back so reapplication is necessary. This method not only alleviates the pain it actually heals and prevents scarring from the burn.
HONEY:
Honey has long been a folk remedy to disinfect wounds and heal burns.
OATMEAL:
As minor burns heal, they can become itchy. A good way to relieve the itch is by putting this breakfast cereal into the tub. Crumble 1 cup uncooked oatmeal into a bath of lukewarm water as the tub is filling. Soak 15 to 20 minutes and then air dry so that a thin coating of oatmeal remains on your skin. Use caution getting in and out of the tub since the oatmeal makes surfaces slippery.
SALT:
Mouth burns can be relieved by rinsing with salt water every hour or so. Mix 1/2 teaspoon salt in 8 ounces warm water.
TEA BAGS:
Teatime can be anytime you suffer a minor burn. The tannic acid found in black tea helps draw heat from a burn. Put 2 to 3 tea bags under a spout of cool water and collect the tea in a small bowl. Gently dab the liquid on the burn site.
VINEGAR:
Vinegar works as an astringent and antiseptic on minor burns and helps prevent infection. Dilute the vinegar with equal parts water, and rinse the burned area with the solution.
MILK:
For a minor burn, soak the burned area in milk for 15 minutes or so. You may also apply a cloth soaked in milk to the area. Repeat every few hours to relieve pain. Be sure to wash out the cloth after use, as it will sour quickly.
PLANTAIN LEAVES:
The leaves of plantain are primarily used as medicine. The major constituents in plantain are mucilage, iridoid glycosides (particularly aucubin), and tannins. Together these constituents are thought to give plantain mild anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, ant hemorrhagic and expectorant actions. To get the full effect of this plant, crush some fresh plantain leaves and rub the juice directly onto the burn.
COOL WATER:
Cool water not only feels good but will help stop the burn from spreading, and the sooner you run cool water on the burn, the greater the effect will be to reduce it.
DO’S AND DON’T’S FOR BURN:
* Out of all areas in the home, the kitchen is number one for getting burns. The reasons are obvious, as are many of the precautions you can take to prevent an accident.
* DO lower the temperature of your hot-water heater to below 120 degrees F. A second-degree burn can happen within seconds in water that's hotter than 120 degrees.
* DO turn pot handles toward the back of the stove.
* Do keep that steaming cup of java out of a child's reach, which means off the coffee table or other low-lying areas.
* DO cover all electrical outlets with specially made caps if children are present.
* DON'T ever leave a child unattended in the kitchen.
* DO make the stove area off-limits to children.
* DO put a childproof lock on the oven door.
* DO keep oven mitts and potholders handy when cooking.
* DO keep a fire extinguisher and a box of baking soda nearby, in case of a grease fire.
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